CHI TIẾT NGHIÊN CỨU …

Tiêu đề

Liberal education and effective action

Tác giả

Burrows D.

Năm xuất bản

2019

Source title

Journal of General Education

Số trích dẫn

1

DOI

10.5325/jgeneeduc.68.3-4.0289

Liên kết

https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090370528&doi=10.5325%2fjgeneeduc.68.3-4.0289&partnerID=40&md5=e76398c93b92c10b42a84ccb3dd27ed7

Tóm tắt

Liberal education is under severe attack from critics who assert that it does not provide adequate preparation for contemporary life. To address these concerns I propose new approaches to liberal learning based on two principles: (1) We should teach students how to transform thinking into effective action and (2) The ability to connect thought to action can be achieved by intentionally developing human capacities for abstract thinking, self-direction, social interaction, and language. The article begins with a description of the criticisms of liberal learning, and a brief analysis of the origins of liberal education, including the assertion that liberal learning has always combined thinking skills with civic responsibility. This is followed by arguments that abstract thinking, self-direction, social interaction, and language are part of human nature and that their development can be a foundation for liberal education. A framework for enhancing these qualities is then described, including the infusion of connection-making within and across courses, inclusion of courses where students address largescale issues, advising that stresses individual decision-making, and opportunities for public presentation of ideas and internships. These activities can strengthen the ability to engage in high-level thinking and connect thinking with decision-making and action. © 2020 The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.

Từ khóa

Human characteristics; Human nature; Liberal education; Thought into action

Tài liệu tham khảo

College learning for the new global century, (2007); Joint statement on the values of liberal education by AAC&U and AAUP, (2018); Politics, (1999); Arum R., Roksa J., Academically adrift: Limited learning on college campuses, (2011); Axelrod P., Anisef P., Zeng Lin, Against all odds? The enduring value of liberal education in universities, professions, and the labor market, The Canadian Journal of Higher Education, 31, 2, pp. 47-77, (2001); Axelrod R., Hamilton W. D., The evolution of cooperation, Science, 211, 4489, pp. 1390-1396, (1981); Batson C. D., Altruism in humans, (2011); Benware C. A., Deci E. L., Quality of learning with active versus passive motivational set, American Educational Research Journal, 21, pp. 755-776, (1984); Braun H., Thecognitiveoutcomesof liberaleducation, (2019); Bronowski J., The origins of knowledge and imagination, (1978); Caplan B., The case against education: Why the education system is a waste of time and money, (2018); Cronon W., Only connect: The goals of a liberal education, The American Scholar, 67, pp. 73-80, (1998); Deci E. L., Intrinsic motivation, (1975); DeMichele T., Human are hardwired to be social beings, (2015); Deresiewicz W., Excellent sheep: The miseducation of the American elite and the way to a meaningful life, (2014); Detweiler R., From learning to life: New research documenting the lifelong impact of education in the tradition of the liberal arts, Presentation at the Meeting of the Association of American Colleges and Universities, pp. 20-23, (2016); Dewey J., Experience and education, (1938); Entis L., This is the no. 1 thing these CEOs look for in job candidates, Fortune Magazine, (2017); Favaloro R. G., Surgical treatment of coronary arteriosclerosis, (1971); Freeman S., Eddy S. L., McDonough M., Smith M. K., Okoroafor N., Jordt H., Wenderoth M. P., Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering and mathematics, Proceedings of the National Academy of the Sciences, 111, pp. 8410-8415, (2014); Hackathorn J., Solomon E. D., Blankmeyer K. L., Temial R. E., Garczynski A., Leaning by doing: An empirical study of active learning techniques, The Journal of Effective Teaching, 11, pp. 40-54, (2011); Hake R. R., Interactive-engagement versus traditional methods. A six-thousand-student survey of mechanics test data for introductory physics courses, American Journal of Physics, 66, 1, (1998); Hamilton W. D., The evolution of altruistic behavior, American Naturalist, 97, 896, pp. 354-356, (1963); Harris A., The liberal arts may not survive the 21st century, The Atlantic, (2018); Herbst J., The Yale Report of 1828, International Journal of the Liberal Tradition, 11, pp. 213-231, (2004); Jaschik S., Falling confidence in higher education, (2018); King P. M., Brown M. K., Lindsay N. K., VanHeck J. R., Liberal arts student learning outcomes: An integrated approach, About Campus, 12, pp. 2-9, (2007); Kleinman D. E., Sticking up for liberal arts and humanities, A new deal for the humanities: Liberal arts and the future of public higher education, pp. 86-100, (2016); Lehrer J., Steve Jobs: “Technology alone is not enough, The New Yorker, (2011); Lockwood P. L., Apps M., Valton V., Viding E., Roise J. P., Neurocomputational mechanisms of pro-social learning and links to empathy, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113, pp. 9763-9768, (2016); McClelland J. L., Connectionist models and psychological evidence, Journal of Memory and Language, 27, pp. 107-123, (1988); Montas R., Personal communication, (2019); Neil W. T., Beck J. L., Bottalico K. S., Molloy R. D., Effects of intentional and incidental learning on explicit and implicit test of memory, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 16, pp. 457-463, (1990); Neisser U., Cognitive Psychology, (1967); Neisser U., Cognition and reality: Principles and implications for cognitive psychology, (1976); Okasha S., Biological altruism, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, (2015); The republic, (1992); Prince M., Does active learning work? A review of the research, Journal of Engineering Research, 93, pp. 223-231, (2004); Robinson G. E., Fernald R. D., Clayton D.F., Genes and social behavior, Science, 322, pp. 896-900, (2008); Rogers T. B., Kuiper N. A., Kirker W. S., Self-reference and the encoding of information, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, pp. 677-688, (1977); Rumelhart D. E., Schemata: The building blocks of cognition, Theoretical issues in reading comprehension, pp. 33-58, (1980); Ryan R. M., Deci E. L., Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being, American Psychologist, 55, pp. 68-78, (2000); Schneider C. G., Memo to AACU members on the indispensable liberal arts and science, (2013); Siever I. J., Neurobiology of aggression and violence, American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, pp. 429-442, (2008); Svoboda E., Hard wired for giving, The Wall Street Journal, (2019); Thomas N., Liberal education for a changing world, Liberal Education, 88, pp. 28-33, (2002); Tobak S., The evils of liberal arts degrees and student loan debt, (2019); Trethewey N., Native Guard, (2006); Vygotsky L. S., Thought and language, (1962); Wilson E. O., On Human Nature, (2004); Worstall T., Should we abolish liberal arts degrees?, (2012); Yoder J. D., Hochner Catherine M., Encouraging active learning can improve students’ performance on examinations, Teaching of Psychology, 32, pp. 91-95; Young S. N., The neurobiology of human social behavior: An important but neglected topic, Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 33, pp. 391-392, (2008); Zakaria F., Defense of Liberal Education, (2015)

Nơi xuất bản

Penn State University Press

Hình thức xuất bản

Article

Open Access

All Open Access; Green Open Access

Nguồn

Scopus